diff --git a/acceptance/pr_test.go b/acceptance/pr_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38f3e1f79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acceptance/pr_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package acceptance_test
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"math/rand"
+
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/ghcmd"
+	"github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal/testscript"
+)
+
+func ghMain() int {
+	return int(ghcmd.Main())
+}
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	os.Exit(testscript.RunMain(m, map[string]func() int{
+		"gh": ghMain,
+	}))
+}
+
+func TestPullRequests(t *testing.T) {
+	testscript.Run(t, params("pr"))
+}
+
+func params(dir string) testscript.Params {
+	return testscript.Params{
+		Dir:                 path.Join("testdata", dir),
+		Files:               []string{},
+		Setup:               sharedSetup,
+		Cmds:                sharedCmds,
+		RequireExplicitExec: true,
+		RequireUniqueNames:  true,
+	}
+}
+
+var sharedSetup = func(ts *testscript.Env) error {
+	scriptName, ok := extractScriptName(ts.Vars)
+	if !ok {
+		ts.T().Fatal("script name not found")
+	}
+	ts.Setenv("SCRIPT_NAME", scriptName)
+
+	ts.Setenv("HOME", ts.Cd)
+	ts.Setenv("GH_CONFIG_DIR", ts.Cd)
+
+	ts.Setenv("GH_TOKEN", os.Getenv("GH_TOKEN"))
+
+	ts.Setenv("ORG", os.Getenv("GH_ACCEPTANCE_ORG"))
+
+	ts.Setenv("RANDOM_STRING", randomString(10))
+	return nil
+}
+
+var sharedCmds = map[string]func(ts *testscript.TestScript, neg bool, args []string){
+	"defer": func(ts *testscript.TestScript, neg bool, args []string) {
+		ts.Defer(func() {
+			if err := ts.Exec(args[0], args[1:]...); err != nil {
+				ts.Fatalf("deferred command failed: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}}
+
+var letters = []rune("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
+
+func randomString(n int) string {
+	b := make([]rune, n)
+	for i := range b {
+		b[i] = letters[rand.Intn(len(letters))]
+	}
+	return string(b)
+}
+
+func extractScriptName(vars []string) (string, bool) {
+	for _, kv := range vars {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(kv, "WORK=") {
+			v := strings.Split(kv, "=")[1]
+			return strings.CutPrefix(path.Base(v), "script-")
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
diff --git a/acceptance/testdata/pr/pr-create-basic.txt b/acceptance/testdata/pr/pr-create-basic.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46d1de990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acceptance/testdata/pr/pr-create-basic.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Use gh as a credential helper
+exec gh auth setup-git
+
+# Create a repository with a file so it has a default branch
+exec gh repo create $ORG/$SCRIPT_NAME-$RANDOM_STRING --add-readme --private
+
+# Defer repo cleanup
+defer gh repo delete --yes $ORG/$SCRIPT_NAME-$RANDOM_STRING
+
+# Clone the repo
+exec gh repo clone $ORG/$SCRIPT_NAME-$RANDOM_STRING
+
+# Prepare a branch to PR
+cd $SCRIPT_NAME-$RANDOM_STRING
+exec git checkout -b feature-branch
+exec git commit --allow-empty -m 'Empty Commit'
+exec git push -u origin feature-branch
+
+# Create the PR
+exec gh pr create --title 'Feature Title' --body 'Feature Body'
+
+# Check the PR is indeed created
+exec gh pr list
+stdout 'Feature Title'
diff --git a/cmd/gh/main.go b/cmd/gh/main.go
index 0b9af0215..e167bc6f4 100644
--- a/cmd/gh/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gh/main.go
@@ -1,276 +1,12 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
 
-	surveyCore "github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/core"
-	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/terminal"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/api"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/build"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/config"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/config/migration"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/update"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/cmd/factory"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/cmd/root"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/iostreams"
-	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/utils"
-	"github.com/cli/safeexec"
-	"github.com/mattn/go-isatty"
-	"github.com/mgutz/ansi"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-var updaterEnabled = ""
-
-type exitCode int
-
-const (
-	exitOK      exitCode = 0
-	exitError   exitCode = 1
-	exitCancel  exitCode = 2
-	exitAuth    exitCode = 4
-	exitPending exitCode = 8
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/ghcmd"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	code := mainRun()
+	code := ghcmd.Main()
 	os.Exit(int(code))
 }
-
-func mainRun() exitCode {
-	buildDate := build.Date
-	buildVersion := build.Version
-	hasDebug, _ := utils.IsDebugEnabled()
-
-	cmdFactory := factory.New(buildVersion)
-	stderr := cmdFactory.IOStreams.ErrOut
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	if cfg, err := cmdFactory.Config(); err == nil {
-		var m migration.MultiAccount
-		if err := cfg.Migrate(m); err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, err)
-			return exitError
-		}
-	}
-
-	updateCtx, updateCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer updateCancel()
-	updateMessageChan := make(chan *update.ReleaseInfo)
-	go func() {
-		rel, err := checkForUpdate(updateCtx, cmdFactory, buildVersion)
-		if err != nil && hasDebug {
-			fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "warning: checking for update failed: %v", err)
-		}
-		updateMessageChan <- rel
-	}()
-
-	if !cmdFactory.IOStreams.ColorEnabled() {
-		surveyCore.DisableColor = true
-		ansi.DisableColors(true)
-	} else {
-		// override survey's poor choice of color
-		surveyCore.TemplateFuncsWithColor["color"] = func(style string) string {
-			switch style {
-			case "white":
-				return ansi.ColorCode("default")
-			default:
-				return ansi.ColorCode(style)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Enable running gh from Windows File Explorer's address bar. Without this, the user is told to stop and run from a
-	// terminal. With this, a user can clone a repo (or take other actions) directly from explorer.
-	if len(os.Args) > 1 && os.Args[1] != "" {
-		cobra.MousetrapHelpText = ""
-	}
-
-	rootCmd, err := root.NewCmdRoot(cmdFactory, buildVersion, buildDate)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "failed to create root command: %s\n", err)
-		return exitError
-	}
-
-	expandedArgs := []string{}
-	if len(os.Args) > 0 {
-		expandedArgs = os.Args[1:]
-	}
-
-	// translate `gh help <command>` to `gh <command> --help` for extensions.
-	if len(expandedArgs) >= 2 && expandedArgs[0] == "help" && isExtensionCommand(rootCmd, expandedArgs[1:]) {
-		expandedArgs = expandedArgs[1:]
-		expandedArgs = append(expandedArgs, "--help")
-	}
-
-	rootCmd.SetArgs(expandedArgs)
-
-	if cmd, err := rootCmd.ExecuteContextC(ctx); err != nil {
-		var pagerPipeError *iostreams.ErrClosedPagerPipe
-		var noResultsError cmdutil.NoResultsError
-		var extError *root.ExternalCommandExitError
-		var authError *root.AuthError
-		if err == cmdutil.SilentError {
-			return exitError
-		} else if err == cmdutil.PendingError {
-			return exitPending
-		} else if cmdutil.IsUserCancellation(err) {
-			if errors.Is(err, terminal.InterruptErr) {
-				// ensure the next shell prompt will start on its own line
-				fmt.Fprint(stderr, "\n")
-			}
-			return exitCancel
-		} else if errors.As(err, &authError) {
-			return exitAuth
-		} else if errors.As(err, &pagerPipeError) {
-			// ignore the error raised when piping to a closed pager
-			return exitOK
-		} else if errors.As(err, &noResultsError) {
-			if cmdFactory.IOStreams.IsStdoutTTY() {
-				fmt.Fprintln(stderr, noResultsError.Error())
-			}
-			// no results is not a command failure
-			return exitOK
-		} else if errors.As(err, &extError) {
-			// pass on exit codes from extensions and shell aliases
-			return exitCode(extError.ExitCode())
-		}
-
-		printError(stderr, err, cmd, hasDebug)
-
-		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Incorrect function") {
-			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "You appear to be running in MinTTY without pseudo terminal support.")
-			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "To learn about workarounds for this error, run:  gh help mintty")
-			return exitError
-		}
-
-		var httpErr api.HTTPError
-		if errors.As(err, &httpErr) && httpErr.StatusCode == 401 {
-			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "Try authenticating with:  gh auth login")
-		} else if u := factory.SSOURL(); u != "" {
-			// handles organization SAML enforcement error
-			fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "Authorize in your web browser:  %s\n", u)
-		} else if msg := httpErr.ScopesSuggestion(); msg != "" {
-			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, msg)
-		}
-
-		return exitError
-	}
-	if root.HasFailed() {
-		return exitError
-	}
-
-	updateCancel() // if the update checker hasn't completed by now, abort it
-	newRelease := <-updateMessageChan
-	if newRelease != nil {
-		isHomebrew := isUnderHomebrew(cmdFactory.Executable())
-		if isHomebrew && isRecentRelease(newRelease.PublishedAt) {
-			// do not notify Homebrew users before the version bump had a chance to get merged into homebrew-core
-			return exitOK
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "\n\n%s %s → %s\n",
-			ansi.Color("A new release of gh is available:", "yellow"),
-			ansi.Color(strings.TrimPrefix(buildVersion, "v"), "cyan"),
-			ansi.Color(strings.TrimPrefix(newRelease.Version, "v"), "cyan"))
-		if isHomebrew {
-			fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "To upgrade, run: %s\n", "brew upgrade gh")
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "%s\n\n",
-			ansi.Color(newRelease.URL, "yellow"))
-	}
-
-	return exitOK
-}
-
-// isExtensionCommand returns true if args resolve to an extension command.
-func isExtensionCommand(rootCmd *cobra.Command, args []string) bool {
-	c, _, err := rootCmd.Find(args)
-	return err == nil && c != nil && c.GroupID == "extension"
-}
-
-func printError(out io.Writer, err error, cmd *cobra.Command, debug bool) {
-	var dnsError *net.DNSError
-	if errors.As(err, &dnsError) {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "error connecting to %s\n", dnsError.Name)
-		if debug {
-			fmt.Fprintln(out, dnsError)
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintln(out, "check your internet connection or https://githubstatus.com")
-		return
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(out, err)
-
-	var flagError *cmdutil.FlagError
-	if errors.As(err, &flagError) || strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "unknown command ") {
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "\n") {
-			fmt.Fprintln(out)
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintln(out, cmd.UsageString())
-	}
-}
-
-func shouldCheckForUpdate() bool {
-	if os.Getenv("GH_NO_UPDATE_NOTIFIER") != "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	if os.Getenv("CODESPACES") != "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	return updaterEnabled != "" && !isCI() && isTerminal(os.Stdout) && isTerminal(os.Stderr)
-}
-
-func isTerminal(f *os.File) bool {
-	return isatty.IsTerminal(f.Fd()) || isatty.IsCygwinTerminal(f.Fd())
-}
-
-// based on https://github.com/watson/ci-info/blob/HEAD/index.js
-func isCI() bool {
-	return os.Getenv("CI") != "" || // GitHub Actions, Travis CI, CircleCI, Cirrus CI, GitLab CI, AppVeyor, CodeShip, dsari
-		os.Getenv("BUILD_NUMBER") != "" || // Jenkins, TeamCity
-		os.Getenv("RUN_ID") != "" // TaskCluster, dsari
-}
-
-func checkForUpdate(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, currentVersion string) (*update.ReleaseInfo, error) {
-	if !shouldCheckForUpdate() {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	httpClient, err := f.HttpClient()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	repo := updaterEnabled
-	stateFilePath := filepath.Join(config.StateDir(), "state.yml")
-	return update.CheckForUpdate(ctx, httpClient, stateFilePath, repo, currentVersion)
-}
-
-func isRecentRelease(publishedAt time.Time) bool {
-	return !publishedAt.IsZero() && time.Since(publishedAt) < time.Hour*24
-}
-
-// Check whether the gh binary was found under the Homebrew prefix
-func isUnderHomebrew(ghBinary string) bool {
-	brewExe, err := safeexec.LookPath("brew")
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	brewPrefixBytes, err := exec.Command(brewExe, "--prefix").Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	brewBinPrefix := filepath.Join(strings.TrimSpace(string(brewPrefixBytes)), "bin") + string(filepath.Separator)
-	return strings.HasPrefix(ghBinary, brewBinPrefix)
-}
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index e638459fa..42e3c84e6 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/rodaine/table v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sagikazarmark/slog-shim v0.1.0 // indirect
@@ -160,6 +161,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index d1a85b60e..9a1fc23ee 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
 github.com/rodaine/table v1.0.1 h1:U/VwCnUxlVYxw8+NJiLIuCxA/xa6jL38MY3FYysVWWQ=
 github.com/rodaine/table v1.0.1/go.mod h1:UVEtfBsflpeEcD56nF4F5AocNFta0ZuolpSVdPtlmP4=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 h1:cWPaGQEPrBb5/AsnsZesgZZ9yb1OQ+GOISoDNXVBh4M=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0/go.mod h1:ddIwULY96R17DhadqLgMfk9H9tvdUzkipdSkR5nkCZA=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1 h1:KvO1DLK/DRN07sQ1LQKScxyZJuNnedQ5/wKSR38lUII=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1/go.mod h1:uMEvuHeurkdAXX61udpOXGD/AzZDWNMNyH2VO9fmH0o=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 h1:JIOH55/0cWyOuilr9/qlrm0BSXldqnqwMsf35Ld67mk=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/ryanuber/go-glob v1.0.0 h1:iQh3xXAumdQ+4Ufa5b25cRpC5TYKlno6hsv6Cb3pkBk=
@@ -533,8 +533,8 @@ golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d h1:vU5i/LfpvrRCpgM/VPfJLg5KjxD3E+hfT1SH+d9zLwg=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 h1:gqSGLZqv+AI9lIQzniJ0nZDRG5GBPsSi+DRNHWNz6yA=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0/go.mod h1:aCwcsjqvq7Yqt6TNyX7QMU2enbQ/Gt0bo6krSeEri+c=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 google.golang.org/api v0.172.0 h1:/1OcMZGPmW1rX2LCu2CmGUD1KXK1+pfzxotxyRUCCdk=
 google.golang.org/api v0.172.0/go.mod h1:+fJZq6QXWfa9pXhnIzsjx4yI22d4aI9ZpLb58gvXjis=
diff --git a/internal/ghcmd/cmd.go b/internal/ghcmd/cmd.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5a674184
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/ghcmd/cmd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+package ghcmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	surveyCore "github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/core"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/terminal"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/api"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/build"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/config"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/config/migration"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/update"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/cmd/factory"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/cmd/root"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/iostreams"
+	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/utils"
+	"github.com/cli/safeexec"
+	"github.com/mattn/go-isatty"
+	"github.com/mgutz/ansi"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var updaterEnabled = ""
+
+type exitCode int
+
+const (
+	exitOK      exitCode = 0
+	exitError   exitCode = 1
+	exitCancel  exitCode = 2
+	exitAuth    exitCode = 4
+	exitPending exitCode = 8
+)
+
+func Main() exitCode {
+	buildDate := build.Date
+	buildVersion := build.Version
+	hasDebug, _ := utils.IsDebugEnabled()
+
+	cmdFactory := factory.New(buildVersion)
+	stderr := cmdFactory.IOStreams.ErrOut
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	if cfg, err := cmdFactory.Config(); err == nil {
+		var m migration.MultiAccount
+		if err := cfg.Migrate(m); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, err)
+			return exitError
+		}
+	}
+
+	updateCtx, updateCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer updateCancel()
+	updateMessageChan := make(chan *update.ReleaseInfo)
+	go func() {
+		rel, err := checkForUpdate(updateCtx, cmdFactory, buildVersion)
+		if err != nil && hasDebug {
+			fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "warning: checking for update failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		updateMessageChan <- rel
+	}()
+
+	if !cmdFactory.IOStreams.ColorEnabled() {
+		surveyCore.DisableColor = true
+		ansi.DisableColors(true)
+	} else {
+		// override survey's poor choice of color
+		surveyCore.TemplateFuncsWithColor["color"] = func(style string) string {
+			switch style {
+			case "white":
+				return ansi.ColorCode("default")
+			default:
+				return ansi.ColorCode(style)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Enable running gh from Windows File Explorer's address bar. Without this, the user is told to stop and run from a
+	// terminal. With this, a user can clone a repo (or take other actions) directly from explorer.
+	if len(os.Args) > 1 && os.Args[1] != "" {
+		cobra.MousetrapHelpText = ""
+	}
+
+	rootCmd, err := root.NewCmdRoot(cmdFactory, buildVersion, buildDate)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "failed to create root command: %s\n", err)
+		return exitError
+	}
+
+	expandedArgs := []string{}
+	if len(os.Args) > 0 {
+		expandedArgs = os.Args[1:]
+	}
+
+	// translate `gh help <command>` to `gh <command> --help` for extensions.
+	if len(expandedArgs) >= 2 && expandedArgs[0] == "help" && isExtensionCommand(rootCmd, expandedArgs[1:]) {
+		expandedArgs = expandedArgs[1:]
+		expandedArgs = append(expandedArgs, "--help")
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.SetArgs(expandedArgs)
+
+	if cmd, err := rootCmd.ExecuteContextC(ctx); err != nil {
+		var pagerPipeError *iostreams.ErrClosedPagerPipe
+		var noResultsError cmdutil.NoResultsError
+		var extError *root.ExternalCommandExitError
+		var authError *root.AuthError
+		if err == cmdutil.SilentError {
+			return exitError
+		} else if err == cmdutil.PendingError {
+			return exitPending
+		} else if cmdutil.IsUserCancellation(err) {
+			if errors.Is(err, terminal.InterruptErr) {
+				// ensure the next shell prompt will start on its own line
+				fmt.Fprint(stderr, "\n")
+			}
+			return exitCancel
+		} else if errors.As(err, &authError) {
+			return exitAuth
+		} else if errors.As(err, &pagerPipeError) {
+			// ignore the error raised when piping to a closed pager
+			return exitOK
+		} else if errors.As(err, &noResultsError) {
+			if cmdFactory.IOStreams.IsStdoutTTY() {
+				fmt.Fprintln(stderr, noResultsError.Error())
+			}
+			// no results is not a command failure
+			return exitOK
+		} else if errors.As(err, &extError) {
+			// pass on exit codes from extensions and shell aliases
+			return exitCode(extError.ExitCode())
+		}
+
+		printError(stderr, err, cmd, hasDebug)
+
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Incorrect function") {
+			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "You appear to be running in MinTTY without pseudo terminal support.")
+			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "To learn about workarounds for this error, run:  gh help mintty")
+			return exitError
+		}
+
+		var httpErr api.HTTPError
+		if errors.As(err, &httpErr) && httpErr.StatusCode == 401 {
+			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "Try authenticating with:  gh auth login")
+		} else if u := factory.SSOURL(); u != "" {
+			// handles organization SAML enforcement error
+			fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "Authorize in your web browser:  %s\n", u)
+		} else if msg := httpErr.ScopesSuggestion(); msg != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintln(stderr, msg)
+		}
+
+		return exitError
+	}
+	if root.HasFailed() {
+		return exitError
+	}
+
+	updateCancel() // if the update checker hasn't completed by now, abort it
+	newRelease := <-updateMessageChan
+	if newRelease != nil {
+		isHomebrew := isUnderHomebrew(cmdFactory.Executable())
+		if isHomebrew && isRecentRelease(newRelease.PublishedAt) {
+			// do not notify Homebrew users before the version bump had a chance to get merged into homebrew-core
+			return exitOK
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "\n\n%s %s → %s\n",
+			ansi.Color("A new release of gh is available:", "yellow"),
+			ansi.Color(strings.TrimPrefix(buildVersion, "v"), "cyan"),
+			ansi.Color(strings.TrimPrefix(newRelease.Version, "v"), "cyan"))
+		if isHomebrew {
+			fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "To upgrade, run: %s\n", "brew upgrade gh")
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "%s\n\n",
+			ansi.Color(newRelease.URL, "yellow"))
+	}
+
+	return exitOK
+}
+
+// isExtensionCommand returns true if args resolve to an extension command.
+func isExtensionCommand(rootCmd *cobra.Command, args []string) bool {
+	c, _, err := rootCmd.Find(args)
+	return err == nil && c != nil && c.GroupID == "extension"
+}
+
+func printError(out io.Writer, err error, cmd *cobra.Command, debug bool) {
+	var dnsError *net.DNSError
+	if errors.As(err, &dnsError) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "error connecting to %s\n", dnsError.Name)
+		if debug {
+			fmt.Fprintln(out, dnsError)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(out, "check your internet connection or https://githubstatus.com")
+		return
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(out, err)
+
+	var flagError *cmdutil.FlagError
+	if errors.As(err, &flagError) || strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "unknown command ") {
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "\n") {
+			fmt.Fprintln(out)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(out, cmd.UsageString())
+	}
+}
+
+func shouldCheckForUpdate() bool {
+	if os.Getenv("GH_NO_UPDATE_NOTIFIER") != "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if os.Getenv("CODESPACES") != "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return updaterEnabled != "" && !isCI() && isTerminal(os.Stdout) && isTerminal(os.Stderr)
+}
+
+func isTerminal(f *os.File) bool {
+	return isatty.IsTerminal(f.Fd()) || isatty.IsCygwinTerminal(f.Fd())
+}
+
+// based on https://github.com/watson/ci-info/blob/HEAD/index.js
+func isCI() bool {
+	return os.Getenv("CI") != "" || // GitHub Actions, Travis CI, CircleCI, Cirrus CI, GitLab CI, AppVeyor, CodeShip, dsari
+		os.Getenv("BUILD_NUMBER") != "" || // Jenkins, TeamCity
+		os.Getenv("RUN_ID") != "" // TaskCluster, dsari
+}
+
+func checkForUpdate(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, currentVersion string) (*update.ReleaseInfo, error) {
+	if !shouldCheckForUpdate() {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	httpClient, err := f.HttpClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	repo := updaterEnabled
+	stateFilePath := filepath.Join(config.StateDir(), "state.yml")
+	return update.CheckForUpdate(ctx, httpClient, stateFilePath, repo, currentVersion)
+}
+
+func isRecentRelease(publishedAt time.Time) bool {
+	return !publishedAt.IsZero() && time.Since(publishedAt) < time.Hour*24
+}
+
+// Check whether the gh binary was found under the Homebrew prefix
+func isUnderHomebrew(ghBinary string) bool {
+	brewExe, err := safeexec.LookPath("brew")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	brewPrefixBytes, err := exec.Command(brewExe, "--prefix").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	brewBinPrefix := filepath.Join(strings.TrimSpace(string(brewPrefixBytes)), "bin") + string(filepath.Separator)
+	return strings.HasPrefix(ghBinary, brewBinPrefix)
+}
diff --git a/cmd/gh/main_test.go b/internal/ghcmd/cmd_test.go
similarity index 99%
rename from cmd/gh/main_test.go
rename to internal/ghcmd/cmd_test.go
index 01552b2bd..08bbceb85 100644
--- a/cmd/gh/main_test.go
+++ b/internal/ghcmd/cmd_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package main
+package ghcmd
 
 import (
 	"bytes"