cli/pkg/cmd/root/help_topic.go

package root

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc"
	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/internal/text"
	"github.com/cli/cli/v2/pkg/iostreams"
	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)

type helpTopic struct {
	name    string
	short   string
	long    string
	example string
}

var HelpTopics = []helpTopic{
	{
		name:  "mintty",
		short: "Information about using gh with MinTTY",
		long: heredoc.Docf(`
			MinTTY is the terminal emulator that comes by default with Git
			for Windows. It has known issues with gh's ability to prompt a
			user for input.

			There are a few workarounds to make gh work with MinTTY:

			- Reinstall Git for Windows, checking "Enable experimental support for pseudo consoles".

			- Use a different terminal emulator with Git for Windows like Windows Terminal.
			  You can run %[1]sC:\Program Files\Git\bin\bash.exe%[1]s from any terminal emulator to continue
			  using all of the tooling in Git For Windows without MinTTY.

			- Prefix invocations of gh with %[1]swinpty%[1]s, eg: %[1]swinpty gh auth login%[1]s.
			  NOTE: this can lead to some UI bugs.
		`, "`"),
	},
	{
		name:  "environment",
		short: "Environment variables that can be used with gh",
		long: heredoc.Docf(`
			%[1]sGH_TOKEN%[1]s, %[1]sGITHUB_TOKEN%[1]s (in order of precedence): an authentication token that will be used when
			a command targets either %[1]sgithub.com%[1]s or a subdomain of %[1]sghe.com%[1]s. Setting this avoids being prompted to
			authenticate and takes precedence over previously stored credentials.

			%[1]sGH_ENTERPRISE_TOKEN%[1]s, %[1]sGITHUB_ENTERPRISE_TOKEN%[1]s (in order of precedence): an authentication
			token that will be used when a command targets a GitHub Enterprise Server host.

			%[1]sGH_HOST%[1]s: specify the GitHub hostname for commands where a hostname has not been provided, or
			cannot be inferred from the context of a local Git repository. If this host was previously
			authenticated with, the stored credentials will be used. Otherwise, setting %[1]sGH_TOKEN%[1]s or
			%[1]sGH_ENTERPRISE_TOKEN%[1]s is required, depending on the targeted host.

			%[1]sGH_REPO%[1]s: specify the GitHub repository in the %[1]s[HOST/]OWNER/REPO%[1]s format for commands
			that otherwise operate on a local repository.

			%[1]sGH_EDITOR%[1]s, %[1]sGIT_EDITOR%[1]s, %[1]sVISUAL%[1]s, %[1]sEDITOR%[1]s (in order of precedence): the editor tool to use
			for authoring text.

			%[1]sGH_BROWSER%[1]s, %[1]sBROWSER%[1]s (in order of precedence): the web browser to use for opening links.

			%[1]sGH_DEBUG%[1]s: set to a truthy value to enable verbose output on standard error. Set to %[1]sapi%[1]s
			to additionally log details of HTTP traffic.

			%[1]sGH_AGGRESSIVE_CACHING_TTL%[1]s: when set to a duration like %[1]s30s%[1]s, %[1]s1m%[1]s, or %[1]s5m%[1]s, %[1]sgh%[1]s
			caches API responses for that long. Useful for automation and agents that issue
			repeated identical requests; responses may be up to that long out of date. Run
			%[1]sgh config clear-cache%[1]s to evict cached entries.

			%[1]sDEBUG%[1]s (deprecated): set to %[1]s1%[1]s, %[1]strue%[1]s, or %[1]syes%[1]s to enable verbose output on standard
			error.

			%[1]sGH_PAGER%[1]s, %[1]sPAGER%[1]s (in order of precedence): a terminal paging program to send standard output
			to, e.g. %[1]sless%[1]s.

			%[1]sGLAMOUR_STYLE%[1]s: the style to use for rendering Markdown. See
			<https://github.com/charmbracelet/glamour#styles>

			%[1]sNO_COLOR%[1]s: set to any value to avoid printing ANSI escape sequences for color output.

			%[1]sCLICOLOR%[1]s: set to %[1]s0%[1]s to disable printing ANSI colors in output.

			%[1]sCLICOLOR_FORCE%[1]s: set to a value other than %[1]s0%[1]s to keep ANSI colors in output
			even when the output is piped.

			%[1]sGH_COLOR_LABELS%[1]s: set to any value to display labels using their RGB hex color codes in terminals that
			support truecolor.

			%[1]sGH_ACCESSIBLE_COLORS%[1]s (preview): set to a truthy value to use customizable, 4-bit accessible colors.

			%[1]sGH_FORCE_TTY%[1]s: set to any value to force terminal-style output even when the output is
			redirected. When the value is a number, it is interpreted as the number of columns
			available in the viewport. When the value is a percentage, it will be applied against
			the number of columns available in the current viewport.

			%[1]sGH_NO_UPDATE_NOTIFIER%[1]s: set to any value to disable GitHub CLI update notifications.
			When any command is executed, gh checks for new versions once every 24 hours.
			If a newer version was found, an upgrade notice is displayed on standard error.

			%[1]sGH_NO_EXTENSION_UPDATE_NOTIFIER%[1]s: set to any value to disable GitHub CLI extension update notifications.
			When an extension is executed, gh checks for new versions for the executed extension once every 24 hours.
			If a newer version was found, an upgrade notice is displayed on standard error.

			%[1]sGH_CONFIG_DIR%[1]s: the directory where gh will store configuration files. If not specified,
			the default value will be one of the following paths (in order of precedence):
			  - %[1]s$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gh%[1]s (if %[1]s$XDG_CONFIG_HOME%[1]s is set),
			  - %[1]s$AppData/GitHub CLI%[1]s (on Windows if %[1]s$AppData%[1]s is set), or
			  - %[1]s$HOME/.config/gh%[1]s.

			%[1]sGH_PROMPT_DISABLED%[1]s: set to any value to disable interactive prompting in the terminal.

			%[1]sGH_PATH%[1]s: set the path to the gh executable, useful for when gh can not properly determine
			its own path such as in the cygwin terminal.

			%[1]sGH_MDWIDTH%[1]s: default maximum width for markdown render wrapping.  The max width of lines
			wrapped on the terminal will be taken as the lesser of the terminal width, this value, or 120 if
			not specified.  This value is used, for example, with %[1]spr view%[1]s subcommand.

			%[1]sGH_ACCESSIBLE_PROMPTER%[1]s (preview): set to a truthy value to enable prompts that are
			more compatible with speech synthesis and braille screen readers.

			%[1]sGH_TELEMETRY%[1]s: set to %[1]slog%[1]s to print telemetry data to standard error instead of sending it.
			Set to %[1]sfalse%[1]s or %[1]s0%[1]s to disable telemetry. Takes precedence over %[1]sDO_NOT_TRACK%[1]s.

			%[1]sDO_NOT_TRACK%[1]s: set to %[1]strue%[1]s or %[1]s1%[1]s to disable telemetry. Ignored when
			%[1]sGH_TELEMETRY%[1]s is set, which takes precedence.

			%[1]sGH_SPINNER_DISABLED%[1]s: set to a truthy value to replace the spinner animation with
			a textual progress indicator.
		`, "`"),
	},
	{
		name:  "telemetry",
		short: "Information about telemetry in gh",
		long: heredoc.Doc(`
			gh collects telemetry to help us understand how the CLI is being used and to improve it.

			To learn more about what data is collected, how it is used, and how to opt out, see:
			<https://cli.github.com/telemetry>
		`),
	},
	{
		name:  "reference",
		short: "A comprehensive reference of all gh commands",
	},
	{
		name:  "formatting",
		short: "Formatting options for JSON data exported from gh",
		long: heredoc.Docf(`
			By default, the result of %[1]sgh%[1]s commands are output in line-based plain text format.
			Some commands support passing the %[1]s--json%[1]s flag, which converts the output to JSON format.
			Once in JSON, the output can be further formatted according to a required formatting string by
			adding either the %[1]s--jq%[1]s or %[1]s--template%[1]s flag. This is useful for selecting a subset of data,
			creating new data structures, displaying the data in a different format, or as input to another
			command line script.

			The %[1]s--json%[1]s flag requires a comma separated list of fields to fetch. To view the possible JSON
			field names for a command omit the string argument to the %[1]s--json%[1]s flag when you run the command.
			Note that you must pass the %[1]s--json%[1]s flag and field names to use the %[1]s--jq%[1]s or %[1]s--template%[1]s flags.

			The %[1]s--jq%[1]s flag requires a string argument in jq query syntax, and will only print
			those JSON values which match the query. jq queries can be used to select elements from an
			array, fields from an object, create a new array, and more. The %[1]sjq%[1]s utility does not need
			to be installed on the system to use this formatting directive. When connected to a terminal,
			the output is automatically pretty-printed. To learn about jq query syntax, see:
			<https://jqlang.github.io/jq/manual/>

			The %[1]s--template%[1]s flag requires a string argument in Go template syntax, and will only print
			those JSON values which match the query.

			In addition to the Go template functions in the standard library, the following functions can be used
			with this formatting directive:
			- %[1]sautocolor%[1]s: like %[1]scolor%[1]s, but only emits color to terminals
			- %[1]scolor <style> <input>%[1]s: colorize input using <https://github.com/mgutz/ansi>
			- %[1]sjoin <sep> <list>%[1]s: joins values in the list using a separator
			- %[1]spluck <field> <list>%[1]s: collects values of a field from all items in the input
			- %[1]stablerow <fields>...%[1]s: aligns fields in output vertically as a table
			- %[1]stablerender%[1]s: renders fields added by tablerow in place
			- %[1]stimeago <time>%[1]s: renders a timestamp as relative to now
			- %[1]stimefmt <format> <time>%[1]s: formats a timestamp using Go's %[1]sTime.Format%[1]s function
			- %[1]struncate <length> <input>%[1]s: ensures input fits within length
			- %[1]shyperlink <url> <text>%[1]s: renders a terminal hyperlink

			The following Sprig template library functions can also be used with this formatting directive:
			- %[1]scontains <arg> <string>%[1]s: checks if %[1]sstring%[1]s contains %[1]sarg%[1]s
			- %[1]shasPrefix <prefix> <string>%[1]s: checks if %[1]sstring%[1]s starts with %[1]sprefix%[1]s
			- %[1]shasSuffix <suffix> <string>%[1]s: checks if %[1]sstring%[1]s ends with %[1]ssuffix%[1]s
			- %[1]sregexMatch <regex> <string>%[1]s: checks if %[1]sstring%[1]s has any matches for %[1]sregex%[1]s

			For more information about the Sprig library, see <https://masterminds.github.io/sprig/>.

			To learn more about Go templates, see: <https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/>.
		`, "`"),
		example: heredoc.Doc(`
			# Default output format
			$ gh pr list
			Showing 23 of 23 open pull requests in cli/cli

			#123  A helpful contribution          contribution-branch              about 1 day ago
			#124  Improve the docs                docs-branch                      about 2 days ago
			#125  An exciting new feature         feature-branch                   about 2 days ago


			# Adding the --json flag with a list of field names
			$ gh pr list --json number,title,author
			[
			  {
			    "author": {
			      "login": "monalisa"
			    },
			    "number": 123,
			    "title": "A helpful contribution"
			  },
			  {
			    "author": {
			      "login": "codercat"
			    },
			    "number": 124,
			    "title": "Improve the docs"
			  },
			  {
			    "author": {
			      "login": "cli-maintainer"
			    },
			    "number": 125,
			    "title": "An exciting new feature"
			  }
			]


			# Adding the --jq flag and selecting fields from the array
			$ gh pr list --json author --jq '.[].author.login'
			monalisa
			codercat
			cli-maintainer


			# --jq can be used to implement more complex filtering and output changes
			$ gh issue list --json number,title,labels --jq \
			  'map(select((.labels | length) > 0))    # must have labels
			  | map(.labels = (.labels | map(.name))) # show only the label names
			  | .[:3]                                 # select the first 3 results'
			  [
			    {
			      "labels": [
			        "enhancement",
			        "needs triage"
			      ],
			      "number": 123,
			      "title": "A helpful contribution"
			    },
			    {
			      "labels": [
			        "help wanted",
			        "docs",
			        "good first issue"
			      ],
			      "number": 125,
			      "title": "Improve the docs"
			    },
			    {
			      "labels": [
			        "enhancement",
			      ],
			      "number": 7221,
			      "title": "An exciting new feature"
			    }
			  ]


			# Using the --template flag with the hyperlink helper
			$ gh issue list --json title,url --template '{{range .}}{{hyperlink .url .title}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}'


			# Adding the --template flag and modifying the display format
			$ gh pr list --json number,title,headRefName,updatedAt --template \
				'{{range .}}{{tablerow (printf "#%v" .number | autocolor "green") .title .headRefName (timeago .updatedAt)}}{{end}}'

			#123  A helpful contribution      contribution-branch       about 1 day ago
			#124  Improve the docs            docs-branch               about 2 days ago
			#125  An exciting new feature     feature-branch            about 2 days ago


			# A more complex example with the --template flag which formats a pull request using multiple tables with headers
			$ gh pr view 3519 --json number,title,body,reviews,assignees --template \
			'{{printf "#%v" .number}} {{.title}}

			{{.body}}

			{{tablerow "ASSIGNEE" "NAME"}}{{range .assignees}}{{tablerow .login .name}}{{end}}{{tablerender}}
			{{tablerow "REVIEWER" "STATE" "COMMENT"}}{{range .reviews}}{{tablerow .author.login .state .body}}{{end}}
			'

			#3519 Add table and helper template functions

			Resolves #3488

			ASSIGNEE  NAME
			mislav    Mislav Marohnić


			REVIEWER  STATE              COMMENT
			mislav    COMMENTED          This is going along great! Thanks for working on this ❤️
		`),
	},
	{
		name:  "exit-codes",
		short: "Exit codes used by gh",
		long: heredoc.Doc(`
			gh follows normal conventions regarding exit codes.

			- If a command completes successfully, the exit code will be 0

			- If a command fails for any reason, the exit code will be 1

			- If a command is running but gets cancelled, the exit code will be 2

			- If a command requires authentication, the exit code will be 4

			NOTE: It is possible that a particular command may have more exit codes, so it is a good
			practice to check documentation for the command if you are relying on exit codes to
			control some behavior.
		`),
	},
}

func NewCmdHelpTopic(ios *iostreams.IOStreams, ht helpTopic) *cobra.Command {
	cmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     ht.name,
		Short:   ht.short,
		Long:    ht.long,
		Example: ht.example,
		Hidden:  true,
		Annotations: map[string]string{
			"markdown:generate": "true",
			"markdown:basename": "gh_help_" + ht.name,
		},
	}

	cmd.SetUsageFunc(func(c *cobra.Command) error {
		return helpTopicUsageFunc(ios.ErrOut, c)
	})

	cmd.SetHelpFunc(func(c *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
		helpTopicHelpFunc(ios.Out, c)
	})

	return cmd
}

func helpTopicHelpFunc(w io.Writer, command *cobra.Command) {
	fmt.Fprint(w, command.Long)
	if command.Example != "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n\nEXAMPLES\n")
		fmt.Fprint(w, text.Indent(command.Example, "  "))
	}
}

func helpTopicUsageFunc(w io.Writer, command *cobra.Command) error {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Usage: gh help %s", command.Use)
	return nil
}